Evidence Base

The studies behind every answer.

Original papers. Full analysis. Every finding linked to its DOI so you can check our work.

The Diet War That Ended in a Jar of Peanut Butter Stanford tracked 609 adults for a year on low-carb vs low-fat. The entire difference was less than a jar of peanut butter — and even that might not be real. 2:56 · Gardner et al. · 2018 · JAMA · n=609

The Phantom Dinner Keto Couldn't Feel Twenty adults on a metabolic ward ate two diets whose meals were rated with no significant difference in pleasantness. On one diet they quietly consumed about an extra dinner's worth of calories a day, on average, without rating themselves significantly hungrier on the other. 2:46 · Hall et al. · 2021 · Nature Medicine · n=20

The Bag of Flour That Ended the Low-Fat Debate A Cochrane review pooled 37 trials and 57,079 adults to answer the question every gym bro has argued about. The answer weighed less than a bag of flour. 2:01 · L et al. · 2020 · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · n=57,079

Your Cooking Oil Is a Body Composition Variable Same surplus, same weight on the scale. But MRI scans revealed one cooking oil was building muscle while the other was storing fat — and nobody's scale caught the difference. 2:01 · Rosqvist et al. · 2014 · Diabetes · n=37

Everything the Internet Knows About Fat and Testosterone Comes From 206 Men A meta-analysis found the testosterone drop was real — then a bigger study found it wasn't. The research behind the internet's most viral testosterone claim is thinner than anyone sharing it realizes. 2:08 · Whittaker et al. · 2021 · Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · n=206

Studies

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